conditional sentence

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

    Conditional Sentences (conditionals) is a phrase used to express something that may happen or not happen. This sentence consists of two parts:

1.       Main Clause (Parent sentence): the sentence can stand alone oyang because it has a subject and predicate.

2.       Sub-ordinate Clause / If clause (clause): the sentence can not stand alone / must be attached to the main clause.

Example :

There are three forms of modality: Possible Future Condition, Condition Present Unreal, Past Unreal Con-dition. In this book, will be discussed Possible Future Condition alone (another form will be studied in high school). Possible Future Conditional use fatherly stating something that would happen or would do at the time will come when the conditions are met.

Pattern :

S  +  will  +  V1  + if  + S + V1/V1+s/es

Or

If   +   S   +   V1/ V1+s/es , S  + will + V1

Description:

If Clause dapat ditempatkan di awal kalimat tanpa mengubah arti, tetapi kalimat kedua harus didahului koma (,)

Zero Conditional

Used to express general truths. Present tense is used typically Simple Tense

Formula

(Klausa IF)	(Induk Kalimat)
If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius,	it boils.

or

(Induk Kalimat)	(Klausa IF)
Water boils	if you heat it to 100 degrees Celsius,

example:

·         If you drop an apple, it falls. = An apple falls, if you drop it.

·         If you don't do your homework, I will be disappointed. = I will be disappointed, if you don't do your homework.

Note: In this type, "if" is often replaced with "when"

Conditional Tipe I

Used to express a supposition that is made based on facts in the present or the future and this assumption could happen. Clause "if" is usually in the form Simple Present Tense.

Formula

(Klausa IF)	(Induk Kalimat)
If I see you tomorrow,	I will buy you a drink.

or

(Induk Kalimat)	(Klausa IF)
I will buy you a drink	if I see you tomorrow.

We often use unless which means' if ... no.

Formula

(Klausa IF)	(Induk Kalimat)
Unless you hand in your homework,	I won't mark it.
That is
If you don't hand in your homework,	I won't mark it.

or

(Induk Kalimat)	(Klausa IF)
I won't mark your homework	unless you hand it in.
That is
I won't mark your homework	if you don't hand it in.

Note: We will never use, or will not in the IF clause.

Example :

·         If I have time today, I will phone my friend. = I will phone my friend, if I have time today.

·         If I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese. = I will buy some Cheddar cheese, if I go to England.

Conditional Tipe II

Used to express unreal situations in the present or the future. This type is used to express a hope. Tenses used in the IF clause is the Simple Past Tense

Formula

(Klausa IF)	(Induk Kalimat)
If I won the lottery,	I would buy a new house.

or

(Induk Kalimat)	(Klausa IF)
I would buy a new house	if I won the lottery.

Note: Do not use would or would not in the IF clause.

Example :

·         If I were you, I wouldn't do that. = I wouldn't do that, if I were you.

·         If I had more time, I would do more on my websites. = I would do more on my websites, if I had more time.

Conditional Tipe III

Used to express a condition in the past are not likely to happen again. Often used to criticize or regret. Tenses used in the IF clause is Past Perfect Tense.

Formula

(Klausa IF)	(Induk Kalimat)
If I had worked harder,	I would have passed my exam.
If I had worked harder,	I could have passed my exam.
If I had worked harder,	I should have passed my exam.

or

(Induk Kalimat)	(Klausa IF)
I would have passed my exam	if I had worked harder.
I could have passed my exam	if I had worked harder.
I should have passed my exam	if I had worked harder.

Note: Do not use would have or would not have, etc. in the IF clause.

Example :

·         If I hadn't helped you, you would have failed. = You would have failed, if I hadn't helped you.

·         If it had been sunny, we could have gone out. = We could have gone out, if it had been.

sumber : http://adivampciel.blogspot.com/2011/11/conditional-sentences.html