CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
Conditional Sentences (conditionals) is a phrase used to
express something that may
happen or not
happen. This sentence consists of two parts:
1.
Main Clause (Parent sentence): the sentence
can stand alone oyang
because it has a subject and predicate.
2.
Sub-ordinate Clause
/ If clause
(clause): the sentence
can not stand
alone / must be attached to the main clause.
Example :
There are three forms of modality: Possible Future Condition,
Condition Present Unreal, Past Unreal Con-dition. In this book, will be
discussed Possible Future Condition alone (another form will be studied in high
school). Possible Future Conditional use fatherly stating something that would happen
or would do at the time will come when the conditions are met.
Pattern :
S + will + V1 + if + S +
V1/V1+s/es
Or
If + S + V1/
V1+s/es , S + will + V1
Description:
If Clause dapat
ditempatkan di awal kalimat tanpa mengubah arti, tetapi kalimat kedua harus
didahului koma (,)
Zero Conditional
Used to express general truths. Present tense is used typically
Simple Tense
Formula
(Klausa IF)
|
(Induk Kalimat)
|
If you heat water to
100 degrees Celsius,
|
it boils.
|
or
(Induk Kalimat)
|
(Klausa IF)
|
Water boils
|
if you heat it to 100 degrees
Celsius,
|
example:
·
If
you drop an apple, it falls. = An apple falls, if you drop it.
·
If
you don't do your homework, I will be disappointed. = I will be disappointed,
if you don't do your homework.
Note: In this type, "if" is often replaced with
"when"
Conditional Tipe I
Used to express a supposition that is made based on facts
in the present or the future and this
assumption could happen. Clause "if" is
usually in the form Simple
Present Tense.
Formula
(Klausa IF)
|
(Induk Kalimat)
|
If I see you tomorrow,
|
I will buy you a drink.
|
or
(Induk Kalimat)
|
(Klausa IF)
|
I will buy you a drink
|
if I see you tomorrow.
|
We often use unless which means' if ... no.
Formula
(Klausa IF)
|
(Induk Kalimat)
|
Unless you hand in your homework,
|
I won't mark it.
|
That is
|
|
If you don't hand in your homework,
|
I won't mark it.
|
or
(Induk Kalimat)
|
(Klausa IF)
|
I won't mark your homework
|
unless you hand it in.
|
That is
|
|
I won't mark your homework
|
if you don't hand it in.
|
Note: We will never use, or
will not in the IF
clause.
Example :
·
If
I have time today, I will phone my friend. = I will phone my friend, if I have
time today.
·
If
I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese. = I will buy some Cheddar
cheese, if I go to England.
Conditional Tipe II
Used to express unreal situations
in the present or the future. This type is used to express a hope. Tenses used in
the IF clause is the Simple Past
Tense
Formula
(Klausa IF)
|
(Induk Kalimat)
|
If I won the lottery,
|
I would buy a new house.
|
or
(Induk Kalimat)
|
(Klausa IF)
|
I would buy a new house
|
if I won the lottery.
|
Note: Do not use
would or would
not in the IF clause.
Example :
·
If
I were you, I wouldn't do that. = I wouldn't do that, if I were you.
·
If
I had more time, I would do more on my websites. = I would do more on my
websites, if I had more time.
Conditional Tipe III
Used to express a condition
in the past are not likely to happen again.
Often used to criticize
or regret. Tenses used in the IF clause
is Past Perfect
Tense.
Formula
(Klausa IF)
|
(Induk Kalimat)
|
If I had worked harder,
|
I would have passed my exam.
|
If I had worked harder,
|
I could have passed my exam.
|
If I had worked harder,
|
I should have passed my exam.
|
or
(Induk Kalimat)
|
(Klausa IF)
|
I would have passed my exam
|
if I had worked harder.
|
I could have passed my exam
|
if I had worked harder.
|
I should have passed my exam
|
if I had worked harder.
|
Note: Do not use
would have or
would not have, etc.
in the IF clause.
Example :
·
If
I hadn't helped you, you would have failed. = You would have failed, if I
hadn't helped you.
·
If
it had been sunny, we could have gone out. = We could have gone out, if it had
been.